Front vs Back and Barbell vs Machine Overhead Press: An Electromyographic Analysis and Implications For Resistance Training

What this work gives Aellic

Overhead pressing involves the upper trapezius across all four variants tested (its task: stabilising scapular elevation) — which justifies adding `traps` to the vertical push family. Limitation: the paper publishes effect sizes only, no absolute %MVIC values; HOW strongly the upper trapezius contributes cannot be quantified from it.

Where this sits in the engine

1 declared site — constants and thresholds in the code that point at this entry.

• Training Which muscles an exercise loads 1 site